考點精講
1. 並列連詞
常見的並(bìng)列連詞(cí)有and，but，or，not….but….(不是…而是….),not only…but also….(不僅….而且….);neither….nor…..(既不….也不….)either….or….(要麽….要麽….)
用法：並列的成分保持一緻（可以並列主語 ，謂語，賓語，狀語等）
例如 ：She is not a teacher but a doctor.(並列賓語)
Tom is not in the library but in the room.(並(bìng)列狀語(yǔ))
Either Li lei or Jim goes to see a movie.(並(bìng)列主語(yǔ))
注意：在高考中主要是結合句意來理解
例如 ：
1） He is a shy man,_____ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.(2015北京)
解析：結合句意，他是個害羞的人 ，但不怕任何事和任何人 。表轉折故填but。
2） Give me a chance,____I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.(天津高考)
解析 ：根據句意：給我一個機會 ，我就會給你個偉大的驚喜。此時這裏表示並列關系 ，故填and。
2. 狀語從句
連接兩個對立的分句;連詞(cí)後的句子爲從(cóng)句，另個句子是主句；
例如 ：If you can study hard,(從(cóng)句) you will be successful.（主句）
1） when, while ,as的用法
都可以表示“當(dāng)…..時候”；可以相互替換(huàn)；
as、when、while用法一覽表
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類别 |
作 用 |
例 句 |
|
as |
as表示“當……的時候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它著(zhe)重強調主句與從(cóng)句的動作或事情同時或幾乎同時發生 。 |
She came up as I was cooking.(同時(shí)) The runners started as the gun went off.(幾(jǐ)乎同時(shí)) |
|
when |
(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一點(diǎn)的時候，又可表示在某一段時間内，主句與從(cóng)句的動作或事情可以同時發生也可以先後發生。 |
It was raining when we arrived.(指時間(jiān)點(diǎn)) When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段時(shí)間(jiān)内) |
|
while |
while意思是“當……的時候”或“在某一段時間裏”。主句中的動作或事情在從(cóng)句中的動作或事情的進展過程中發生，從(cóng)句中的動詞(cí)一般要用延續性動詞(cí)。在when表示a period of time時 ，兩者可以互換。 |
Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可，這(zhè)裏(lǐ)的while意思是“趁……”) |
注意：when還可以表示這時，突然的意思；
例如 ：We are having a meeting when someone breaks into the room.（when這(zhè)裏(lǐ)表示突然）
while可以表示然而 ，盡管等含義
例如 ：He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music.(表示對(duì)比關(guān)系)
2） 表示“一…….就……”的連詞
有 ：as soon as, once, immediately,instantly, the moment,the minute, hardly……when……, no sooner…..than……;
例如 ：As soon as I get home, I start to do my homework.
3） 容易混淆的連詞
有：as long as (隻要)；even if/even though即使；as if /as though 好像；now that 既然；in case 以防；萬(wàn)一；so that 以便於(yú)等
4） 讓步狀語從句
（1）although與though可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從(cóng)句，不能與but連用，但可以與yet連用 。
Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted.
（2）even if或even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從(cóng)句 ，表示“即使”，“縱然”，用來使人注意下文所強調内容的性質。
I’ll get there even if(though)I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.
（3）no matter後接上who、what、where、how等疑問詞(cí)，也可以在這類疑問詞(cí)後面加上ever構(gòu)成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。
Don’t trust him, no matter what / whatever he says.
Whoever breaks the law will be published.
No matter how hard the work is, you’d better try to do it well.
（4）as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從(cóng)句。要用倒裝。
Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.
Much as I like it, I won’t buy.
Try as he would, he couldn’t lift the heavy box.
5）because, for, as, since, now that的區别
（1）表示不知道的原因時用because,即說話人認爲聽話人不知道，因此because從(cóng)句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置於(yú)主句之後 。
You want to know why I’m leaving? I’m leaving because I’m full.
for雖然表示不知道的原因，但其語氣較because要弱得多，是可說可不說的話，它隻能置於(yú)主句之後，這時 ，for是並(bìng)列連詞 。如果不是因果關系 ，而是對前面主句的内容加以解釋或推斷時 ，隻能用for。如 ：It’s morning now, for the birds are singing.（很顯然，鳥叫不可能是“現在已是早上”的原因。）
（2）表示已經知道的原因時用as或since,即某種原因在說話(huà)人看來已經很明顯 ，或已爲聽話(huà)人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些 ，它們通常被置於(yú)語句之前，但有時卻相反。
2015年—2019年全國卷語法專項
語法填空
So, get an early start and try to be as productive ____ possible before lunch.(2016年全國(guó)2)
解析 ：考查as+adj+as possible的結(jié)構(gòu)，故填as；
In much of Asia, especially the so-called＂rice bowl＂ cultures of China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.(2016年全國(guó)3)
解析：根據China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam,可知表示並(bìng)列關(guān)系，故填and；
Over time, the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. (2016年全國(guó)3)
解析 ：根據句意 ，随著(zhe)人口的增長(zhǎng)，……;故填連詞 as表示伴随；
I work not because I have to, because I want to.
解析：根據(jù)句意，我工作不是因爲(wèi)我必須，而是我想要工作，表轉折，填but；
My grandfather still plays tennis now and then,_____he’s in his nineties.(2016,北京)
解析：根據句子的意思；我的爺爺有時還(hái)打網球，盡管他90多歲瞭(le)，故，填though。
I really enjoy listening to music____ it helps me relax and takes my
mind away from other cares of the day.（北京高考）
解析：本題考查原因狀語從(cóng)句，根據(jù)含義，故填because/as.
_____online shopping has changed our life,not all of its effects have been positive.(浙江高考)
解析：根據句意，雖然網上購物已改變(biàn)我們的生活，但並(bìng)非所有的影響都是積極的，故填 Thouth/While
短文改錯
There the air is clean or the mountains are green.（2015年全國(guó)1）
Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .（2016年全國(guó)1）
Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking. （2016年全國(guó)1）
If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.（2016年全國(guó)2）
Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.(2017年全國(guó)1)
I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.（2017年全國(guó)3）
At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.（2018年全國(guó)1）
The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.（2018年全國(guó)2）
Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.（2018年全國(guó)3）
10. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.(2019年全國(guó)1)
11. Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.(2019年全國(guó)2)
12. When I studied chemistry in high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.（2019年全國(guó)3）
短文改錯：
1.or改爲(wèi)and；2.去掉but；3.or改爲(wèi)and；4.but改爲(wèi)and；5.so改爲(wèi)but或yet；6.and改爲(wèi)but；7.but改爲(wèi)and；8.where改爲(wèi)when；9.and改爲(wèi)or；10.where改爲(wèi)when；11.but改爲(wèi)and；12.or改爲(wèi)and；
