一
詞性誤用
詞(cí)性誤用常表現爲：介詞(cí)錯(cuò)用爲動詞(cí)，形容詞(cí)錯(cuò)用爲副詞(cí)，名詞(cí)錯(cuò)用爲動詞(cí)等。
例 ：They earn some money so that they can independence. 他們掙錢是爲瞭自立 。 解析 ：independence是名詞，句中誤用爲動詞。 改爲：They earn some money so that they can be independent.
例 ：They earn some money so that they can independence.
他們掙錢是爲瞭自立 。
解析 ：independence是名詞，句中誤用爲動詞。
改爲：They earn some money so that they can be independent.
二
修飾語錯位
英語與漢語不同，同一個修飾語放在句子中不同的位置 ，可能會引起句子含義的變(biàn)化。這一點常被同學們所忽視，因而造成瞭(le)不必要的誤解 。
例：I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus. 我相信我會做得很好，而且我将對(duì)校園外的世界有更好的瞭(le)解。 解析：better位置不當，應置於句末。 改爲：I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.
例：I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
我相信我會做得很好，而且我将對(duì)校園外的世界有更好的瞭(le)解。
解析：better位置不當，應置於句末。
改爲：I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.
三
句子不完整
在口語中 ，交際雙方可借助手勢、語氣等來理解對方的意思，不完整的句子也完全可以被理解。可是書面語就不同瞭(le)，句子結構不完整會令意思表達不清，這常常發生在主句寫完以後，學生又想加些補(bǔ)充說明的情況下 。
例：There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio and newspaper. 瞭(le)解社會的途徑有很多，比如可以通過電視、廣播和報(bào)紙 。 解析：本段後半部分“For example, by TV, radio and newspaper.”不是一個完整的句子 ，僅爲一些不連貫的詞語，不能獨立成句。 改爲 ：There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio and newspaper.
例：There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio and newspaper.
瞭(le)解社會的途徑有很多，比如可以通過電視、廣播和報(bào)紙 。
解析：本段後半部分“For example, by TV, radio and newspaper.”不是一個完整的句子 ，僅爲一些不連貫的詞語，不能獨立成句。
改爲 ：There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio and newspaper.
四
主謂不一緻
英語的謂語動詞在人稱(chēng)和數上必須與主語保持一緻。由於(yú)受漢語的影響，許多同學在寫作時經常忽略句子的主謂一緻關系，從而出現錯誤。
例：Once one have time, he can do what he want to do. 人一旦有瞭(le)時間，他就能想幹(gàn)什麽就幹(gàn)什麽。 解析：one是單數第三人稱，因而本句的have應改爲has；同理 ，want應改爲wants，本句是典型的主謂不一緻。 改爲：Once one has time, he can do what he wants to do.
例：Once one have time, he can do what he want to do.
人一旦有瞭(le)時間，他就能想幹(gàn)什麽就幹(gàn)什麽。
解析：one是單數第三人稱，因而本句的have應改爲has；同理 ，want應改爲wants，本句是典型的主謂不一緻。
改爲：Once one has time, he can do what he wants to do.
五
指代不清
指代不清主要指代詞(cí)與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清 ，或者先後所用的代詞(cí)不一緻 。
例1：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid. 瑪(mǎ)麗(lì)和我姐姐很要好，因爲她要她做她的伴娘。 解析 ：讀完上面這一句話，讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰将結婚 ，誰将當伴娘。如果我們把容易引起誤解的代詞加以明確，意思就一目瞭然瞭。 改爲 ：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例1：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
瑪(mǎ)麗(lì)和我姐姐很要好，因爲她要她做她的伴娘。
解析 ：讀完上面這一句話，讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰将結婚 ，誰将當伴娘。如果我們把容易引起誤解的代詞加以明確，意思就一目瞭然瞭。
改爲 ：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例2：We can also know the society by serving it yourself. 我們還可以通過親身參(cān)與、體驗的方式瞭(le)解社會。 解析：句中人稱代詞we和反身代詞yourself指代不一緻。 改爲：We can also know the society by serving it ourselves.
例2：We can also know the society by serving it yourself.
我們還可以通過親身參(cān)與、體驗的方式瞭(le)解社會。
解析：句中人稱代詞we和反身代詞yourself指代不一緻。
改爲：We can also know the society by serving it ourselves.
六
重複累贅
同學們在寫書面表達(dá)時應盡量做到簡潔 ：寫句子沒有一個多餘的詞(cí)，寫段落沒有一個多餘的句子。
例1：In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him. 盡管他很懶惰，我還(hái)是喜歡(huān)他 。 解析：本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同位語從句，我們可按照“簡潔”的原則加以簡化。 改爲：In spite of his laziness, I like him.
例1：In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.
盡管他很懶惰，我還(hái)是喜歡(huān)他 。
解析：本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同位語從句，我們可按照“簡潔”的原則加以簡化。
改爲：In spite of his laziness, I like him.
例2： For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need. 對於(yú)勤奮善良的人來說，錢隻是用來購買所需東(dōng)西的工具。 解析：整個句子可以大大簡化，重複累贅過多。 改爲：Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
例2： For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
對於(yú)勤奮善良的人來說，錢隻是用來購買所需東(dōng)西的工具。
解析：整個句子可以大大簡化，重複累贅過多。
改爲：Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
七
句子不連貫
句子不連貫是指一個(gè)句子内部前言不搭後語，或是結構上不暢(chàng)通。
例：The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. 淡水是地球上最重要的東(dōng)西。 解析 ：The fresh water與逗号後的it不連貫，it與things在語法上不一緻。 改爲：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
例：The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
淡水是地球上最重要的東(dōng)西。
解析 ：The fresh water與逗号後的it不連貫，it與things在語法上不一緻。
改爲：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
八
結構混亂
句子結構(gòu)混亂主要是受漢語思維方式影響而導(dǎo)緻的。同學們在日常學習中應多加練習，培養語感。
例1：There are many students are playing basketball on the playground.操場上有許多學生在打籃球。 解析：上面的句子中出現瞭兩個謂語動詞，不符合英語的語法習慣。 改爲：Many students are playing basketball on the playground.
例1：There are many students are playing basketball on the playground.操場上有許多學生在打籃球。
解析：上面的句子中出現瞭兩個謂語動詞，不符合英語的語法習慣。
改爲：Many students are playing basketball on the playground.
例2：The girl is standing over there is from a big city.站在那邊的女孩來自一個大城市。 解析 ：一個簡單句中不能有兩個謂語系動詞，結構混亂。 改爲：The girl standing over there is from a big city.
例2：The girl is standing over there is from a big city.站在那邊的女孩來自一個大城市。
解析 ：一個簡單句中不能有兩個謂語系動詞，結構混亂。
改爲：The girl standing over there is from a big city.
九
句型單調，缺乏過渡
一篇文章如果簡單句過多，句型單調，即使語法錯誤較少，思路較清晰，看後也會使人感到乏味。同學們應學會單句、複句交替使用，經常變(biàn)換句型，嘗(cháng)試使用一些較複雜的語法結構及句型，适當運用過渡詞，使文章更加連貫。
例：They sleep fewer than eight hours every day. It has great influence on their health. 他們每天睡眠少於(yú)八小時，這對(duì)他們的健康有很大影響。 解析：這段話中使用的全部是簡單句，句型比較單調，可以改爲定語從句或加入插入語。 改爲：Actually, they sleep fewer than eight hours every day, which will,no doubt, have great influence on their health.
例：They sleep fewer than eight hours every day. It has great influence on their health.
他們每天睡眠少於(yú)八小時，這對(duì)他們的健康有很大影響。
解析：這段話中使用的全部是簡單句，句型比較單調，可以改爲定語從句或加入插入語。
改爲：Actually, they sleep fewer than eight hours every day, which will,no doubt, have great influence on their health.
