在初中英語中，主要有三大從(cóng)句 ，即賓(bīn)語從(cóng)句 、定語從(cóng)句、狀語從(cóng)句（包括時間、條件、結果、目的 、原因、讓步、地點 、方式等）。
今天跟大家分享的就是這三個從(cóng)句的主要語法點(diǎn)，趕快看起來吧！
1、賓語從句
一、定義
在句子中起賓(bīn)語作用的從(cóng)句叫做賓(bīn)語從(cóng)句。
二、連接詞
that: I think that you can pass the exam.
Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.
“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.
I don’t know where he found the book.
隻用whether的情況：
1. 與(yǔ)or not連(lián)用：
I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.
2. 與動(dòng)詞(cí)不定式連用：
He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.
3. 連(lián)接詞(cí)前有介詞(cí)時：
It depends on whether he is coming.
三、時态
1. 主句是一般現在時态 ，從(cóng)句根據實際(jì)情況而定(各種時态均可)
She wants to know what he has done for the exam.
2.主句是一般過(guò)去時态，從(cóng)句用相應的過(guò)去的時态。
1）She said that she was a student.
2）She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
3）She said that she had finished her homework already.
3. 如果賓(bīn)語從(cóng)句說的是客觀真理 、自然現象或事實時 ，這時賓(bīn)語從(cóng)句要用一般現在時态 。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
2、定語從句
一、定義
在複合句中修飾名詞(cí)、代詞(cí)的從(cóng)句叫定語從(cóng)句 。
二、先行詞
先行詞(cí)指人 who /that
先行詞(cí)指物 which/ that
定語從(cóng)句一般緊跟被修飾的名詞(cí)或代詞(cí)（即先行詞(cí)）後
三、關系代詞
關系代詞(cí)代替先行詞(cí)在句子中擔當成分，所以從(cóng)句中不可再出現其他代替先行詞(cí)的代詞(cí)
四、翻譯方法 “…. 的”
Whom: 先行詞指人 ，則代替先行詞在定語從句中充當賓語（包括介詞的賓語）, 與who的區别是如果前面帶介詞則必須用whom
1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.
2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.
Whose : 指人或物，作定語，表示 “…的”
eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.
關系代詞隻能 that 的特殊情況：
1.先行詞(cí)前有序數詞(cí)修飾時(shí)：
This is the first gift that my parents bought me.
2.先行詞(cí)前有形容詞(cí)最高級(jí)修飾時：
This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.
3. 先行詞(cí)是不定代詞(cí)something, anything等時(shí).
e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop
4. 先行詞(cí)是人和物時(shí), 用that.
e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.
5. 先行詞(cí)被all , little , the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等詞(cí)修飾時(shí),隻能用that
e.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.
6. 特殊疑問句以who 或which 開(kāi)頭 ，隻能用that引導(dǎo).
Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?
當關系代詞前使用介詞時：
物+介詞+which ; 人+ 介詞 + whom
當關系代詞前使用介詞時：
e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.
2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.
在複合句中由從句表示的狀語稱(chēng)作狀語從句 ，它可以用來修飾謂語（包括非謂語動詞(cí)）、定語或狀語，或是整個句子。
二、狀語從句一般分爲八大類
時間狀語從(cóng)句 地點(diǎn)狀語從(cóng)句
原因狀語(yǔ)從(cóng)句 目的狀語(yǔ)從(cóng)句
結(jié)果狀語從(cóng)句 條件狀語從(cóng)句
方式狀語從(cóng)句 讓(ràng)步狀語從(cóng)句
1. 時間狀語從句
When ---當……時候, 通常指某一特定的時間點，主句與從句的動作同時發生。
When I opened the window, I saw him come up.
When --- 正在……的時候，突然…。通常主句是進行時或 be about to 時，在翻譯的時候 ，when 可以譯成沒想到或突然。
I was walking along the street , when I met him.
When 當(dāng)從(cóng)句是進行時，主句是一般時，往往表示不滿 。
Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.
When=after
When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.
While ---在……期間，往往指一段時間。
While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.
While ---表示一種不滿情緒，意思是這邊(biān)在幹(gàn)某種重要的事，而另一邊(biān)在享受等。
We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.
As --- 一邊……一邊, 随著
She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.
As --- 當……時，指一個動作緊接著(zhe)一個動作發生，從(cóng)句通常用進行時 。
As I was going out, it began to rain.
The moment --- 一……就…… =as soon as , immediately,
---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.
Not… until --- 直到……才
He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.
Before --- 在……之前
The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.
After ---在…… 之後
The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.
Since ---自從……, 通常主句用現在完成時
I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.
It is just a week since we arrived here.
As soon as --- 一……就……
Jack went to school as soon as he got well.
No sooner than --- 一……就……
no sooner… than… 用於(yú)句首要求倒裝(zhuāng)
Hardly …when…
Scarcely …when…
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
Once --- 一但……就……
Once you see him, you will never forget him.
Every time, each time 每次whenever 每當
Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.
2. 條件狀語從句
引導狀語從(cóng)句的連接詞(cí)有：
If如果, unless除非, as long as隻要, As (so) far as --- 據……所知，in case萬一, provided that假如, on condition that若是，以…爲條件If ---如果
If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane.
Unless --- 如果不, 除非=if not
We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight
As long as --- 隻要
We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.
As (so) far as --- 據……所知
As far as I know, he speaks English very well.
In case --- 假使, 如果
The plane cannot take off in case it rains.
Provided that 如果,有時省略 that
The plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.
On condition that --- 條件是…
He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.
注:主從(cóng)句的動(dòng)作發生在将來時，則主句用将來時, 從(cóng)句用一般現在時 。
If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.
3. 地點狀語從句
地點狀語從(cóng)句隻有兩個連詞(cí): Where, wherever
Where --- 在……地方
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Wherever --- 無論哪裏
Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.
4. 原因狀語從句
because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 這六個連詞(cí)都用於(yú)表示表示原因, 但在語氣上一個比一個弱.
Because --- 因爲,通常從句放在主句後.
Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage.
As --- 因爲, 通常放在句首
As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.
Since ---既然 因語氣較弱, 常譯爲既然(衆所周知的原因)
Since everybody has come, we can set off.
Now that --- 既然
Now that you are here, you can join us.
considering that --- 顧及到
Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.
seeing that --- 由於
Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.
5. 結果狀語從句
引導結果狀語從(cóng)句的連詞(cí)有：that, so that, so…that…
such…that So… that --- 太……以至於 so 後面應用形容詞或副詞, 有時省略so隻用that
Boeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb噴(pēn)氣炸彈(dàn).
So that --- 因而 ，以便，爲瞭 有時so 可以省去
Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.
Such …that… ---太……以至於 用法與so…that相同，但such 後面應用名詞。
The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.
6. 目的狀語從句
引導目的狀語從(cóng)句的主要連詞(cí)有: that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest
(So) that --- 以便, 從句中常常使用一些情态動詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等
Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.
in order that --- 爲瞭, 與so that 相同從句中常常使用一些情态動詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等
School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.
for fear that --- 生怕; 爲瞭防止(某事發生)
He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.
in case --- 萬一
You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.
Lest --- 以防萬一
The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.
7. 讓步狀語從句
引導讓步狀語從(cóng)句的連詞(cí)有：Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether.
Although, though ---雖然 although 和though 可以互換，但although 常放在句首。Though可以用於倒裝。
Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off.
Though he did his best, he didn’t succeed.
As --- 盡管 as 引導讓步狀語從句時，句子通常倒裝。可與though 互換。
Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.
Even if /even though ---即使
Even if you don’t like your boss, you should do your work.
However --- 不論， however 引導讓步狀語從句時，句子通常倒裝
He couldn’t get there on time however fast he drove.
No matter (what, when, where, how) ---無論（什麽，何時，何地，怎樣）
He wouldn’t forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.
Whatever --- 不管
Whatever other people may say, she won’t change her mind.
While ---盡管
While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help you.
Whether ---不管，常與or not 連用
Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.
8. 方式狀語從句
方式狀語(yǔ)從(cóng)句常由: as, as if, as though
as ---與…… 一樣
Do in Rome as the Romans do.
as if, as though --- 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引導的從句中可用虛拟語氣
She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.
