1. 表示經常性或習慣(guàn)性動(dòng)作 ，常與表頻度的時間狀語連用：
She often speaks English.
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2. 表示現(xiàn)在的狀态、特征 、職業 、能力 、感覺(jué)等：
He seems to feel a bit down today.
He works as a driver.
3. 表示真理 、客觀(guān)存在 、科學事實或用於(yú)格言警句中：
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
Columbus proved that the earth is round.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
4. 表示現在瞬間(jiān)的動(dòng)作：
Here comes the bus!
5. 表示将來(lái)
1) 表按規定、計劃、安排将要發生的動作（僅限於(yú)某些表示“來、去、動 、停、開始、結束、繼續”等的趨向動詞），可以與表示未來的時間狀語搭配使用 。常見的用法是：飛機 、火車(chē)、輪船、汽車(chē)等定期定點運行的交通狀況。如：
The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.
How often does the shuttle bus run?
2) 在時間和條件狀語從(cóng)句中常使用一般現在時表示将來發(fā)生的事情：
When Bill comes (不用will come), ask him to wait for me.
I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy.
标志：動詞過去式
*閉(bì)音節：元音字母a, e, i, o, u如果發字母本來的音則稱(chēng)爲開音節，否則稱(chēng)爲閉(bì)音節。
1. 表示過去某時所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀态 ，常與表示過去的時間狀語連用（e.g. yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week,>
Jim rang you just now.
Liu Ying was in America last year.
2. 表示過去經常或反複發生的動(dòng)作，特别是used to do表達(dá)的句型，本身表示的就是過去常常。如：
When I was a kid, I often played football in the street.
*注意區分sb. used to do sth.（某人過去常常做某事，此處(chù)to是動詞不定式标志符号）和sb. be used to sth./doing sth.（某人習慣於(yú)某物/做某事，此處(chù)to是介詞）。
3. 代替一般現在時，表示一種婉轉、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。此用法僅适用於(yú)少數動詞(cí)（如want, hope, wonder, think, intend等）及情态動詞(cí)could, would。如：
I wondered if you could have a word with me.
I hoped you could help me with my English.
Would you mind my sitting here?
4. 虛拟語氣中用一般過(guò)去時表示現在或将來時間的動(dòng)作或狀态。常用句型有：
It is time that sb. did sth. “某人該(gāi)做某事瞭(le)”
would rather sb. did sth. “甯(níng)願(yuàn)某人做某事”
标志 ：will / shall + 動詞原形
1. 表示将來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀态 ，通常與表示将來的時間狀語連用（e.g. tomorrow, next week, in the future等）。如：
We shall have a lot of rain next month.
My husband will come back in a few days.
2. 表示傾(qīng)向性和習慣(guàn)性：
Fish will die without water.
When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.
3. 一般将來時的幾(jǐ)種句式結構(gòu)辨析：
1) will / shall + 動(dòng)詞(cí)原形
多用於(yú)表達(dá)主觀願望或必定會發生的事情（“将會如何”）
*shall作助動詞時一般隻用於(yú)第一人稱(chēng)
2) be going to + 動(dòng)詞(cí)原形
表示即将發(fā)生或打算要做的事：
It is going to rain.
We are going to have a meeting today.
3) be to + 動(dòng)詞(cí)原形
表示按計劃或安排即将要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 ：
He is to visit Japan next year.
4) be about to + 動(dòng)詞(cí)原形
表示即将發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意爲“馬上要做某事”，後面一般不跟時間狀語，如：
The plane is about to start.
标志 ：be + 動詞的現在分詞
1. 表示說話(huà)時正在進行的動(dòng)作：
She is writing a letter upstairs.
Who are you waiting for?
It is raining hard.
2. 表示現階段一直在進行的動(dòng)作（說話(huà)時動(dòng)作未必正在進行）：
I hear Mr. Green is writing another novel.
3. 表示反複出現或習慣性的動作，往往包含說話者贊揚、責備(bèi)、厭惡等情緒，通常與always, constantly, continually, forever等頻度副詞(cí)連用。如：
John is forever asking silly questions like a stupid.
He is always thinking of others first.
4. 表示将來
1) 表示按計劃、安排将要發生的動作，僅适用於(yú)部分趨向動詞(cí)（如go, come, leave, start, arrive等）。如：
Uncle Wang is coming.
They're leaving for Beijing.
2) 在時間和條件狀語從(cóng)句中，現在進行時表示将來某時正在發(fā)生的事情。如 ：
Please drop in when you are passing my way.
If he is still sleeping, don’t wake him up.
标志：was / were + 動詞的現在分詞
1. 表示過(guò)去某一時刻或一段時間正在進行的動(dòng)作，過(guò)去進行時中常用的時間狀語有the whole morning, all day yesterday, from January to March last year等 。如：
I was having a talk with Lucy at that time.
They were watching TV at home last night.
2. 表示過去反複出現或習慣性的動作，往往包含說話者贊揚、責備(bèi)、厭惡等情緒，通常與always, constantly, continually, forever等頻度副詞(cí)連用。如 ：
My brother was always losing his keys.
3. 表示按計劃、安排過去某時刻将要發生的動作，僅适用於(yú)部分趨向動詞(cí)（如go, come, leave, start, arrive等）。如：
He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.
4. 過去進行時有一個主要用法就是描述一件事情發生的背景（一個長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作延續的時候 ，另一個短動(dòng)作發生）：
Granny fell asleep when she was reading.
It was raining when they left the station.
标志 ：have / has + 動詞的過去分詞
1. 表示一個過去發生並(bìng)已完成的動作對現在産(chǎn)生影響或結果，強調的是現在的狀況（表示“已完成”）。如：
He has left the city. （結(jié)果 ：他目前不在這個(gè)城市）
Someone has broken the window. （結果：窗戶(hù)破瞭(le)）
2. 表示一個動(dòng)作開始於(yú)過去，持續到現在，也可能還會繼續持續下去（表示“未完成”）。
I have been busy since last week.
He has taught in our school for 30 years.
I’ve finished half so far.
注意 瞬間動(dòng)詞(cí)通常是不能用現在完成時表持續性的，但其否定結構則可以。如：
She hasn’t seen you for ages.
His father hasn’t touched beer for a whole week.
3. 表示過去到現在爲止反複發生的動(dòng)作或多次出現的狀态 ，常與表示頻度的副詞(cí)always, often, every day等連用。如：
I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company.
4. 在時間和條件狀語從(cóng)句中 ，現在完成時表示将來某時完成的動(dòng)作。如：
I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go the park.
5. 與現在完成時連用的常見(jiàn)詞(cí)語
能與現在完成時連用的詞(cí)語很多，just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等，但常見(jiàn)的有：
1) since 自從
I have been there many times since the war.
We haven’t seen each other since last week.
We have been friends ever since.
2) in / for / during the past/last … years 在過(guò)去/最近…中
I’ve been ill for the past three weeks.
Great changes have take place in the last ten years.
I have been here (for) the last/past month.
3) so far 到目前爲(wèi)止
We haven’t had any trouble so far.
So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.
4) up to/until now 到現(xiàn)在爲(wèi)止
Up to now he’s been quiet.
Up to now, the work has been easy.
I have heard nothing from him up till now.
Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees.
5) It is/will be the first/second … time that … 這(zhè)是第一/二…次…
It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here.
It will be the first time (that) I’ve spoken in public.
It is the second time (that) I have met him today.
6) This is + 形容詞(cí)最高級(jí) + that … 這是最…
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
6. 現在完成時與一般過(guò)去時的區(qū)别
1) 現在完成時強調(diào)對(duì)現在的影響和結果，與現在有聯系；
而一般過去時強調(diào)這個動(dòng)作發生的時間是在過去，不涉及對現在的影響。如：
I have seen this film. （我已經看過瞭(le)這部電(diàn)影）
I saw this film yesterday. （我是昨天看的這(zhè)部電(diàn)影）
2) 現在完成時常與模糊的時間(jiān)狀語連用（如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, always等），或者幹(gàn)脆沒有時間(jiān)狀語；
而一般過(guò)去時常與具體的時間(jiān)狀語連用（如yesterday, last night, …ago, in 1980, in February等）。
3) 現在完成時表示持續時一般使用延續性動(dòng)詞(cí)（如live, teach, work, know等）；
而一般過去時常使用瞬間動(dòng)詞(cí)（如begin, buy, die, marry等）。如 ：
He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring.
My grandfather bought the car five years ago.
7. 易錯點辨析
1) 考生容易把一些瞬間動詞(cí)用現在完成時表達 ，這是錯(cuò)誤的 。如：
(×) He has died for two years. 他死瞭(le)兩(liǎng)年瞭(le)。
(√) He has been dead for two years.
(√) He died two years ago.
(×) The film has begun for 10 minutes. 電(diàn)影開演十分鍾瞭(le) 。
(√) The film has been>(√) The film began 10 minutes ago.
(×) She has married for three years. 她結(jié)婚有三年瞭(le)。
(√) She has been married for three years.
(√) She married Mike three years ago.
2) 學生往往不懂如何區分have been to和have gone to，盡管兩者均可後接地點(diǎn)，但have been to表示去過某地（現在已經回來瞭(le)），have gone to表示到某地去瞭(le)（現在還沒回來）。如 ：
She has been to Paris (three times).
She has gone to Paris.
标志：had + 動詞的過去分詞
1. 表示在過去的某個時間或動(dòng)作以前已經發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或已經存在的狀态 。如：
By the end of last week he had finished the work.
He had left when I arrived.
2. 表示從(cóng)過去某一時間開始 ，一直延續到過去另一時間的動(dòng)作或狀态。如：
We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.
The film had beenmax-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(111, 111, 111); letter-spacing: 0.544px; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;">
3. 某些表意向的動(dòng)詞(cí)（如intend, think, plan, expect, hope等）的過去完成時表示主語未曾實現的願望、希望、打算。如：
I had intended to visit you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
4. （虛拟語氣）在條件狀體從(cóng)句或wish / would rather等後面的從(cóng)句中，使用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反的主觀(guān)願望。如：
The party wouldn’t have been so perfect if you hadn’t come.
I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day.
5. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)
1) 基本區别：過去完成時表示以過去某時間爲起點(diǎn)以前所發生的動作或存在的狀态，即過去完成時強調(diào)“過去的過去”，而一般過去時隻表示以現在時間爲起點(diǎn)以前所發生的事情或存在的狀态。如：
He studied there two years ago.他兩年前在那兒(ér)學習（離(lí)現在兩年）
He said he had studied there two years before.他說他兩年前在那兒(ér)學習過(guò)。（離他說話時兩年）
2) 特别注意：兩個動作如果按順序發生，又不強調(diào)先後，或者用then, and, but等連詞(cí)連接時，多用一般過去時 。如：
When she saw the mouse, she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
标志：would + 動詞原形
1. 表示從過去某一時間來看将要發生的動作或存在的狀态，一般用於(yú)主句爲過去時的賓(bīn)語從句中。如：
He said he would come here next Friday.
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble.
2. 表示過去的動(dòng)作習慣(guàn)或傾向：
The old man would sit>When I worked>
3. 用於虛拟語氣中：
If I were you, I would not do that.
If he were here, he would show us how to do it.
4. 過(guò)去将來(lái)時的其他形式
1) was / were going to + 動(dòng)詞(cí)原形 。如：
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting.
She said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station.
2) was / were to + 動(dòng)詞(cí)原形。如：
The building was to be completed next month.
Li Lei was to arrive soon.
3) was / were about to + 動(dòng)詞(cí)原形。如：
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang.
