一. 名詞
寫作中 ，同學們(men)常把握不好名詞(cí)的數、所有格以及一些集合名詞(cí)的用法 。
1. He gave me a very good advice yesterday.
句中的a要去掉，因爲advice是不可數名詞(cí) 。一些漢(hàn)語概念爲可數的詞(cí)在英語中卻是不可數的 ，表示數量時在其前加a piece of，類似的詞(cí)有：news, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。
2. That girl loves reading book.
可數名詞單數不能孤零零地放在句子裏，或前面加冠詞，或将其變(biàn)爲複數。此處(chù)最好變(biàn)爲books.
3. He went into a book’s shop and bought a dictionary.
一般表示有生命的東西的名詞(cí)的所有格用’s，如my mother’s car, 而此處(chù)适宜用名詞(cí)修飾名詞(cí)，改爲a book shop.
4. My family is watching TV.
一些集合名詞(cí)如看成一個整體，則用單(dān)數的謂語動詞(cí)，如My family is a happy>
5. I bought some potatos and tomatos at the supermarket.
中學階段以“o”結尾的名詞(cí)中有四個詞(cí)變(biàn)複數時要加es，它們是tomato, potato, Negro, hero; 其餘的都加s變(biàn)爲複數。
6．This has nothing to do with their believes.（這和他們的信仰沒(méi)關(guān)系。）
以f, fe 結尾的詞(cí)變(biàn)爲複數時一般去f, fe 加ves，如knife—knives, thief—thieves; 而roof 和belief直接加s變(biàn)爲複數 。所以應把believes改爲beliefs.
二. 冠詞
7. The boss wants to hire an useful person.
用a還是an，取決於(yú)後面單詞(cí)的第一個音标，如爲元音用an，爲輔音用a。useful的第一個音是輔音所以應把an改爲a。類似的 ，我們說a European country.
8．Plane is a machine that can fly.
Plane爲可數名詞(cí)單數，不能單獨放在句中，應在其前加冠詞(cí)或把它變(biàn)爲複數，而本句後有a machine, 因此隻能在其前面加a，變(biàn)爲A plane。
9．He played a piano at the party yesterday.
把a 改爲the ，因爲樂(lè)器前用定冠詞(cí)。
10．The machine was invented in 1920s.
在in後(hòu)加the，因爲表示年代用in加the再加幾十的複(fù)數 ，如在八十年代in the 80s。
11．Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every day.
去掉the，因爲(wèi)表示交通方式用by直接加交通工具。
三. 代詞
使用代詞(cí)時請注意其單、複數，主、賓(bīn)格以及形容詞(cí)性物主代詞(cí)和名詞(cí)性物主代詞(cí)的用法。
12．He is>定語從(cóng)句的先行詞(cí)是those speakers，爲複數，因此從(cóng)句中的指示代詞(cí)應爲複數，應把his改爲their。
13． Whom do you think has left the lights>放在疑問句特殊疑問詞後的do you think / believe / guess / imagine / suppose等都不參(cān)與句子成分，把它們去掉後，疑問詞在句中做主語用主格，做賓(bīn)語用賓(bīn)格 。本句中去掉do you think後缺的是主語，應把Whom改爲Who。
14．The boss pretended not to see John and I.
John和I在句中都做的賓(bīn)語，應把I 改爲(wèi)me。
15．These books are mine; those in the bag are her.
Her是形容詞(cí)性物主代詞(cí)，後面應該(gāi)加名詞(cí)books，或把her 改爲hers。
四. 數詞
16．There are fourteen hundreds students in our school.
Hundred / thousand / million / score/ dozen等詞(cí)前有具體數字時後不加s，前面沒有具體數字時在其後加s 和of，表示大約幾百幾千的概念 。如 two hundred students（兩百個(gè)學生），hundreds of students（成百上千個(gè)學生）。例句中應把hundreds 改爲hundred。
17．Their school is twice as larger as our school.
表倍數關(guān)系的as---as中間隻能用形容詞(cí)或副詞(cí)的原級。因此把larger改爲large.
18．Today’s homework is a five-hundred-words composition.
幾個單(dān)詞(cí)由連字符連接而組成的複合形容詞(cí)中的名詞(cí)隻能用單(dān)數，所以把five-hundred-words改爲five-hundred-word.
19．Two third of the students in our school are from America.
英語表達中分數的分子用基數詞(cí)，分母用序數詞(cí) ，分子大於(yú)一時分母後要加s，所以就把third 改爲thirds.
五. 形容詞和副詞
形容詞(cí)和副詞(cí)容易被誤用，形容詞(cí)和副詞(cí)的比較級和最高級也是應注意的重點(diǎn) 。
20．The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the doctor.
appear在此是個系動(dòng)詞(cí)，其後應接形容詞(cí)作表語。所以把nervously改爲nervous.
21．The artist worked hardly to finish his drawings>此句需要一個(gè)副詞(cí)來修飾 ，hardly是副詞(cí)，但意爲“幾乎不”，hard 也可以是副詞(cí)，表努力 ，因此把 hardly 改爲hard.
22．This shirt is more cheaper than that>More隻構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，而不能修飾比較級(jí)。因此把more去掉。
23．He is the most successful of the two businessmen.
兩者相比較時，比較級(jí)前用定冠詞(cí)，三者或三者以上才用most，因此把most改爲more.
24．He works less harder than he used to.
表不如… 時用less加上形容詞(cí)和副詞(cí)的原級(jí)，因此把harder改爲hard.
25．The book is fairly more interesting than that>fairly隻能修飾形容詞(cí)和副詞(cí)的原級(jí) ，可以修飾比較級(jí)的副詞(cí)或短語有：much, even, still, far, a lot, a little, a bit, any, no, by far, rather等，因
此把fairly改爲(wèi)rather.
26．This is as an interesting a story as the>as … as中間(jiān)的詞(cí)序是as加上形容詞(cí)加上a(n)加上名詞(cí)再加上as，因此應改爲as interesting a story as the>
27．The weather here is nicer than Xizang.
同樣的事物才能相比較(jiào)，weather和Xizang不具有可比性，因此應改爲(wèi)The weather here is nicer than that of Xizang.
29．I would rather take a train than went by bus.
這個(gè)詞(cí)組爲would rather do … than do …，因此把went改爲go.
30．Is there interesting anything at the meeting?
修飾anything, something, every-thing, nothing的形容詞(cí)都要放在它們的後(hòu)面。
31．I never have seen such a person before.
像never之類的副詞(cí)在句中應放在be動(dòng)詞(cí)、助動(dòng)詞(cí)之後 ，實意動(dòng)詞(cí)之前 。因爲應改爲I have never seen such a person before.
32．The book is worth to be read.
be worth doing 意爲(wèi)值得被做。因此改爲(wèi)The book is worth reading.
33．It is sure that he will succeed.
sure 的主語(yǔ)隻能爲(wèi)人 ，而certain的主語(yǔ)可爲(wèi)人和物。因此把sure改爲(wèi)certain.
34．He is regarded as>alive 爲表語形容詞(cí)，偶爾(ěr)也做後置定語。因此把alive改爲living，或把alive 放在writers後面 。
35．I don’t know that he has finished the work yet.
yet 用於(yú)否定和疑問句，already用於(yú)肯定句。把yet 改爲(wèi)already.
36．He said nearly nothing at the meeting.
nearly 不與否定詞(cí)用在同一個(gè)句子中，而almost可以。因此把nearly 改爲almost.
六. 介詞
37．He usually goes to school by his father’s car.
by加上名詞(cí)表示一種交通方式，中間什麽都不加 ，如by car, by bus, by plane等；如果名詞(cí)前有其他的詞(cí)修飾，則應除by以外的其他介詞(cí) ，此處(chù)把by改爲in.
38．Please wait me at the school gate.
wait爲不及物動詞(cí) ，需加介詞(cí)for後才能再跟名詞(cí)或代詞(cí)做賓(bīn)語。
39．He has been married with Betty for more than twenty years.
marry不跟 with連(lián)用，應把with改爲(wèi)to。
40．I finished the work“在…的幫(bāng)助下”用with而不用under。
七. 情态動詞
41．He can be at home now because the light in his room is still>表特别有把握的肯定判斷(duàn)時(shí)用must，表特别有把握的否定判斷(duàn)時(shí)用can, can表判斷(duàn)時(shí)隻用在否定句中。因此把can 改爲must。
42．He need come here before the meeting begins.
作情态動詞(cí)時need用在否定，疑問和條件句中，不能用於(yú)肯定句中，而作實意動詞(cí)時則可以 。所以應改爲：He needs to come here before the meeting begins.
43．He used to get up very early in the morning, and now he is still doing so.
used to 用來表示過(guò)去常常做某事而現在不瞭(le)，所以應把後半句改爲 ：but now he is not doing so.
44．I needn’t come yesterday because all the work had been finished.
由於(yú)情态動詞(cí)本身不體現時态，所以在談論過去的事情時在情态動詞(cí)後加 have done，因此在 needn’t 後加have。
45．You hadn’t better stay up too late because you have to get up early tomorrow.
had better 的否定在 better 後(hòu)面加not.
八. 動詞的時态
英語的常用時态有十六種，一般根據上下文和時間(jiān)狀語來確(què)定時态。
46．I will tell her about that when she will come tomorrow.
主句爲将來時 ，其時間(jiān) 、條件、方式和讓步狀語從(cóng)句中用一般現在時。因此将will come改爲comes。
47．The meeting is about to begin in ten minutes.
be about to 一般不與具體的時間(jiān)狀語連(lián)用 。因此把 in ten minutes 去掉。
48．The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looking at the captain and then died.
此處(chù)look並(bìng)非伴随狀語，而是三個並(bìng)列的謂語動詞 ，因此把looking 改爲looked。
49．I have bought this bike for ten years and I am still using it now.
當句中有for加一段時間作狀語時，謂語動詞(cí)必須爲延續性動詞(cí)，此處(chù)把bought改爲kept。
50．I haven’t learnt any English before I came here.
我來這兒(ér)已經是過去的動(dòng)作，在此之前發生的事應該用過去完成時 。因此應把haven’t改爲hadn’t
九. 動詞的語态
及物動詞用在主動語态時要有賓語，因此可以變(biàn)爲被動語态；不及物動詞用於(yú)主動語态時不能接賓語，因此無被動語态 。
51．The two thieves have been disappeared.
disappear 爲不及物動詞(cí) ，因此不能用於(yú)被動語态 。所以把 been去掉 。
52．The building built now will be our teaching building.
表“現在正在建的”應用被動(dòng)語态的正在進(jìn)行時，因此在built 前加being。
53．He is being operated by the famous doctor.
主動語态變(biàn)爲被動語态時，應注意短語動詞的完整性 ，别忘瞭(le)介詞或副詞。“給…做手術”應爲operate>
54．I wonder if the doctor has been sent.
原因同上，應(yīng)在sent 後(hòu)加上for。
55．The book written by him is sold well.
說一本書暢(chàng)銷是指書本身的屬性 ，因此不用被動(dòng)語态。本句應改爲 ：The
book written by him sells well.
56．This history book is worthy reading.
“值得被做”可以有如下幾(jǐ)種說法：be worth doing; be worthy of being done; be worthy to be done. 因此本句應該(gāi)爲：This history book is worthy to be read.
十. 非謂語動詞
57．We are going to talk about the problem discussing at the last meeting.
此處(chù)爲分詞(cí)作定語，問題應該被讨論 ，所以把discussing改爲discussed。
58．The girl dressed herself in red is my sister.
dress爲及物動詞，意爲“給…穿衣服”，此處(chù)爲分詞作定語修飾girl, girl應是它的邏輯賓(bīn)語，因此把herself去掉。
59．Being seriously ill, his class-mates sent him to hospital.
分詞(cí)作狀語時，其邏輯主語爲這句話的主語 ，此句應爲“因爲他病瞭(le)，他的同學才把他送到醫院去”，因此把前半句改爲：He being seriously ill.
60．Having not seen her for many years, we could hardly recognize her.
現在分詞(cí)的否定應把not放在現在分詞(cí)前面，所以前半句應改爲(wèi)：Not having seen her for many years.
61．Seeing from the space, the earth looks like a ball.
分詞(cí)作狀語，其邏輯主語應是這句話的主語，此句中地球應該(gāi)被看，所以把Seeing 改爲Seen。
62．English is easy to learn it.
此句中是不定式作狀語修飾easy, English應該(gāi)是learn的邏輯賓(bīn)語 ，所以把it去掉。
63．I will get somebody repair the recorder for you.
“讓某人做某事”可以有以下幾(jǐ)種表達(dá)法：make sb do sth; have sb do sth; get sb to sth. 因此在repair 前加to。
64．She decided to work harder in order to not fall behind the others.
不定式的否定把not放在to前面 。因此應(yīng)改爲(wèi)：She decided to work harder in order not to fall behind the others.
65．It’s better to laugh than crying.
表比較時比較的雙方應爲同種結構(gòu)，或都是名詞(cí)或都是不定式。因此有兩種改法：It’s better to laugh than to cry 或 It’s better laughing than crying.
66．It’s no use to send for the doctor.
做某事是沒(méi)用的要說(shuō)成It’s no use doing,所以把to send 改爲sending。
67．She practices to play the piano after school every day.
practise 後隻跟動名詞(cí)作賓(bīn)語，因此把to play 改爲playing。
68．When the teacher came in, he stopped listening to the teacher.
stop doing 爲停止做這件事，而stop to do 爲停下來正在做的事去做這件事 。所以後(hòu)半句應該(gāi)爲：he stopped to listen to the teacher.
十一. 名詞性從句
69．We are talking about if this plan should be carried out.
If 和whether都可以引導動詞(cí)的賓(bīn)語從句 ，如果從句做的是介詞(cí)賓(bīn)語，隻能用whether引導 。所以把if 改爲whether。
70．I can not decide if to stay or not.
隻(zhǐ)有whether才能和不定式搭配使用 。因此把if 改爲(wèi)whether。
71．My suggestion is we try for a second time.
表語從(cóng)句的引導詞(cí)如爲that，一般不省略。因此在we前加上that。
72．What will the professor say is not known yet.
名詞(cí)性從句的語序都是陳(chén)述句語序。因此應改爲 ：What the professor will say is not known yet.
十二. 狀語從句
73．I will go unless he invites me.
此句意爲“除非他邀請我，否則我不去。”而unless相當(dāng)於(yú)if not, 所以本句應改成：I won’t go unless he invites me。
74．Although he tried, but he still couldn’t keep up with the others.
although 和but 不能同時用在一句話(huà)中，去掉任何一個(gè)都可以 。
75．I won’t stay until he comes back.
含有not…until的句子的謂語動詞(cí)應是點(diǎn)動詞(cí)，含有until的肯定句的動詞(cí)應是延續性動詞(cí)，此句有兩種改法：I will stay until he comes back.或I won’t leave until he comes back.
十三. 定語從句
76．An orphan is a child who’s parents are dead.
定語從(cóng)句中表“…的”引導詞(cí)隻有whose，所以把who’s 改爲whose。
77．This is the very thing which I lost yesterday.
如果先行詞(cí)爲(wèi)物且前有the>
78．This is the car for that I paid a high price.
定語從(cóng)句的先行詞(cí)爲物，而且引導詞(cí)放在介詞(cí)後時，隻能用which.
79．She is one of the tallest girls in her class who has studied hard. 定語從(cóng)句修飾one of 加上複數名詞(cí)時 ，複數名詞(cí)是定語從(cóng)句的先行詞(cí)，因此把 has 改爲have。
80．This is the place where we visited last year.
定語從句的先行詞(cí)用關系代詞(cí)還是關系副詞(cí)要看定語從句中缺不缺主語或賓(bīn)語 ，如缺用關系代詞(cí)，如不缺用關系副詞(cí)。此句中visit爲及物動詞(cí)，後無賓(bīn)語，因此把where 改爲which或that。
81．I, who is your friend, can understand you.
定語從(cóng)句的謂語動詞(cí)應與其先行詞(cí)保持一緻，因此把is 改爲am。
82．China is a developing country, that is known to all.
非限定性定語從(cóng)句的引導詞(cí)永遠不會是that，因此把that 改爲which 或as。
十四、主謂一緻
83．The poet and writer are invited to give a speech at the meeting.
poet和writer共用一個冠詞(cí)，指的是一個人身兼二職，所以謂語動詞(cí)應爲單(dān)數。把are改爲is.
84．No>主語後加except再加上若幹數量的名詞(cí)，謂語動(dòng)詞(cí)和主語保持一緻。所以把know改爲knows。類似的用法的詞(cí)或短語有 ：but, besides, with, together with, along with, as well as等等。
85．Your clothes is>clothes爲複數句詞(cí)，謂語動(dòng)詞(cí)應爲複數。把is改爲are。
86．The number of the students in that school are about>此名的主語(yǔ)爲(wèi)number而不是students。因此把are 改爲(wèi)is。
87．The class was watching TV when I entered the room.
class作主語時，把它看成一個整體時謂語動詞用單數，看成每一個成員的個體行爲時謂語動詞用複數 。一般來說，一些具體行爲如看電視、吃飯、洗澡等都屬於(yú)每一個成員的個體行爲。此處(chù)把was改爲were。
88．The population of our country are increasing slowly now.
population 單獨作主語謂語動詞(cí)經常用單數；如果其前有分數或百分數，而且後面又有複數名詞(cí)時謂語動詞(cí)用複數。如：One fifth of the Chinese population are workers. 此處(chù)把are改爲is。
十五 、倒裝
89．No sooner he had reached the station than the train left.
no sooner 爲否定副詞(cí)，放於(yú)句首時句子要部分倒裝，因此此句應改爲：No sooner had he reached the station than the train left.
90．Here comes he.
here 放於(yú)句首時，句子主謂要完全倒裝，但句子主語爲代詞(cí)時，則主謂不倒裝。此句應改爲：Here he comes.
91．A child as he is, he can speak five languages.
用as引導讓步狀語從句，可把形容詞(cí)、副詞(cí)和不帶冠詞(cí)的名詞(cí)放於(yú)as前 。所以前半句改爲：Child as he is...
十六、虛拟語氣
92．She would have come if we invited her.
這是與過去事實相反的虛拟假設，從(cóng)句應該(gāi)用過去完成時。所以在 we 後加 had.
93．My suggestion is that we would send a few people to help them.
suggestion 的表語從句也應用虛拟語氣，必須用should加動詞(cí)原形，should可以省略 。此處(chù)去掉would 或把would 改爲should。
94．The secretary wishes that she has time to type the letter now.
wish 後的時态應該(gāi)把真實時态往後推一個(gè)時态，所以把has改爲had。
95．It’s time that we go to bed.
句式爲(wèi)It’s time sb did sth 所以把 go 改爲(wèi) went。
96．I would rather you have another try tomorrow.
詞(cí)組爲(wèi)would rather sb did sth. 所以把have改爲(wèi)had。
十七、there be句式
97．There are a bag and several books. There be 句式遵循謂語動詞(cí)就近原則，a bag爲單(dān)數，所以把are改爲is。
98．There were several people stood at the back of the room.
There be句式的謂語動(dòng)詞(cí)爲be動(dòng)詞(cí)，句中其他的動(dòng)詞(cí)應爲非謂語動(dòng)詞(cí)。所以把stood改爲standing.
十八、修飾(shì)語在句中的位置不當(dāng)
99．We almost have written twenty compositions this term.
像almost這樣的副詞(cí)在句中放在助動(dòng)詞(cí)、be動(dòng)詞(cí)之後，實意動(dòng)詞(cí)之前。因此把almost放在have後面。
100．The girl has beautiful, silky hair who lives high in the mountains.
定語從(cóng)句應緊跟先行詞(cí)，所以改爲：The girl, who lives high in the mountains, has beautiful, silky hair.
